Colorectal cancer, encompassing malignancies of the colon and rectum, stands as the third most prevalent cancer globally and ranks second in cancer-related mortality. In 2020, over 1.9 million new cases were diagnosed worldwide, leading to more than 930,000 deaths. The risk of developing colorectal cancer increases with age, predominantly affecting individuals aged 50 and above.
The progression of colorectal cancer is categorized into stages, each reflecting the extent of disease advancement:
Stage I: Cancer is confined to the inner layers of the colon or rectum.
Stage II: Tumor penetrates deeper into or through the wall of the colon or rectum, but has not reached nearby lymph nodes.
Stage III: Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, but not to distant sites.
Stage IV: Cancer has metastasized to distant organs, such as the liver or lungs.
Survival rates for colorectal cancer vary significantly depending on the stage at diagnosis. According to the American Cancer Society, the 5-year relative survival rate is approximately 91% for stage I, 85% for stage II, 73% for stage III, and 13% for stage IV.
Encouragingly, advancements in medical research have introduced innovative therapies that offer hope for even advanced-stage colorectal cancer patients. These emerging treatments, including immunotherapies and targeted therapies, are enhancing survival prospects and quality of life. With personalized treatment plans and comprehensive care, many patients are achieving remission and returning to fulfilling lives.
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