South Africa's new Expropriation Act, replacing a 1975 law, allows the government to seize land for public use, potentially without compensation. This has caused a national debate, with the ruling ANC supporting it as a means to redress historical injustices, while opposition parties and business groups fear it will damage property rights and investor confidence. The law's implementation will be key, as its success hinges on balancing the need for land reform with maintaining economic stability. International observers are closely watching its effects on investment and trade. Legal challenges are anticipated.