This is Bird Flu Intel: Facts, Not Fear, on H5N1. I’m your host, and today we’re cutting through the myths and misinformation swirling around the H5N1 strain of avian influenza.

Let’s start by busting some of the top misconceptions making the rounds right now.

First, a major myth: “H5N1 is easily spreading from person to person, and a human pandemic is already underway.” According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization, there is no ongoing human-to-human transmission of H5N1. Nearly all human cases so far in 2025—including those in Cambodia, India, and Mexico—have occurred in people with direct contact with infected birds or contaminated environments. Multiple countries, including the US, saw cases primarily among people exposed to poultry or wild birds. Our current risk remains low, though health agencies stress ongoing surveillance since viruses can evolve.

Second, “Milk and dairy products might be spreading H5N1 widely to people.” While H5N1 has infected dairy cows and viral genetic material has been found in milk, routine testing and pasteurization requirements ensure dairy products remain safe for consumers, as emphasized in public communications from the US Department of Agriculture. To date, no human H5N1 infections have been linked to drinking milk, and nearly all human cases in the US involved direct contact with infected animals.

Third, “If you catch H5N1, it’s always deadly.” This is misleading. The raw case fatality rate appears high—globally near 48% across two decades—but recent reviews, such as those from the CDC and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, show that many current cases are mild or even asymptomatic. In the US, the majority of more than 70 human H5N1 cases reported in 2024 and 2025 had mild symptoms or none at all, challenging earlier assumptions that infection almost always results in severe illness.

Fourth, some claim, “Bird flu only affects birds; humans don’t need to worry.” This is not true. While wild and domestic birds form the main reservoir for the virus, H5N1 has crossed into a range of mammals, including humans, cows, and some wild carnivores. That’s why One Health approaches, which integrate animal, human, and environmental health, are essential for preventing spillover and controlling outbreaks.

Why does misinformation on H5N1 persist, and why does it matter? Rumors and viral posts—often amplified on social media—capitalize on fear, selectively presenting case reports or scientific jargon out of context. Sensational claims undermine necessary control measures, threaten public trust, and may even delay medical attention or vaccination. During biological outbreaks, misinformation is as dangerous as the pathogen itself, as highlighted by international health organizations.

So how can you tell good information from bad? Use these tools:
- Ask whether sources are quoting recognized health authorities like the CDC or WHO.
- Be wary of stories that skip over uncertainty or use alarming language without evidence.
- Check how recent the information is and whether multiple trusted sources agree.

Where do scientists agree right now? H5N1 remains primarily a zoonotic disease—not yet adapted for sustained person-to-person spread. Food safety controls, including milk pasteurization, are working as intended. New vaccine platforms and diagnostics are under development, and current public health risk to the general population is low.

But there are real uncertainties. Experts are watching for mutations that could aid human transmission. There are unanswered questions about asymptomatic cases and the virus’s behavior in new mammalian hosts. And gaps remain in vaccine distribution, especially in low-resource regions.

Stay curious, stay critical, and don’t let myths drive your response to H5N1 risk. Thanks for tuning...