In this second episode of our RNA series, we look further into RNA’s molecular structure, synthesis, and maturation. Beginning with transcription, where RNA is synthesized from a DNA template by RNA polymerase, we examine each step of mRNA processing, including capping, tailing, and splicing, which help prepare mRNA for its essential role in protein synthesis. We also discuss RNA’s structural elements, such as its ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases—Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Uracil—that define its unique genetic code. The episode highlights RNA’s single-stranded structure, flexibility, and reactivity, in contrast to DNA’s stability, setting the stage for our final discussion on the three main types of RNA and the RNA-world hypothesis.