In this episode of BioSpeak, we explore DNA’s fundamental structure and role as the genetic blueprint of life. DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is a polymer composed of nucleotides arranged in a double helix. We examine DNA’s composition in eukaryotic cells, where it typically resides in the nucleus and sometimes in mitochondria and chloroplasts, in contrast to circular DNA found in prokaryotes like bacteria. Each DNA nucleotide includes a phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base, forming the genetic “ladder.” The episode also covers DNA’s role in coding for proteins through RNA transcription and translation and introduces chromosomes, where DNA coils around histones to fit within the cell.