Today’s BioSpeak episode is all about eukaryotic cells—those complex cellular units that make up plants, animals, fungi, and other organisms. Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, which houses DNA, and various membrane-bound organelles, each with specialized functions. First, we’ll examine the cell membrane and cytoplasm, which support cell structure and regulate transport. We’ll discuss the nucleus, the cell’s “control center,” where genetic material is stored and key decisions are made. Then, we’ll explore the mitochondria, often called the “powerhouse” for its role in generating ATP energy, and chloroplasts, which enable photosynthesis in plants and algae. Additional highlights include the Golgi apparatus, which packages and distributes proteins and lipids, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the cell’s transport network. We’ll also break down the functions of lysosomes, ribosomes, and vesicles, showing how each contributes to the cell’s “city” of interconnected tasks. By the end, you’ll have a comprehensive overview of eukaryotic cell structure, organelle functions, and how these cells contribute to the diversity of life.