Dr. Mario E. Martinez, a clinical neuropsychologist, established the Biocognitive Science Institute™ in 1998. He developed a theory of mindbodyculture he calls Biocognition to suggests how cognition and biology coemerge with their cultural history in a bioinformational field that seeks maximum contextual relevance. The Biocognitive model evolved from research in psychoneuroimmunology, cultural neuroscience, and cultural anthropology. It proposes that biocognitive interpretations are communicated linearly and locally through the immune, nervous and endocrine pathways and expressed in the body.