🧗‍♂️ What is Fourth Power’s Guinness World record? Can we make renewables just as dispatchable as fossil fuels? And how is a battery like a carabiner?! For answers, tune into this episode where Arvin Ganesan, CEO of Fourth Power, sits down to discuss the company's groundbreaking thermal battery technology and its role in the future of renewable energy with host Nate Kirchhofer, CEO of BioZen Batteries.

Fourth Power, spun out from MIT and Georgia Tech, has developed a system that uses liquid tin heated to over 2400°C to store energy and discharge for 5-500 hours. Arvin explains that this scalable and low-cost energy storage solution is critical for enabling a fully renewable grid, as it addresses the challenges of making renewable energy sources dispatchable and reliable, well-aligned with the global transition away from fossil fuels.

The discussion moves to what utilities prioritize—reliability, safety, and cost—when considering new technologies. Fourth Power's thermal battery system is designed with these priorities in mind, ensuring it can offer renewable energy that is ultimately cheaper than fossil fuels and also available for dispatch like traditional fossil fuel power plants, giving utilities critical control over energy generation.

Hear some technical details of Fourth Power’s "sun in a box" technology that involves storing energy in carbon blocks heated by liquid tin. Arvin contrasts their technology with other thermal battery solutions as well as lithium-ion batteries, particularly in scalability and cost-efficiency; while lithium-ion batteries have been crucial for short-duration storage, the scale of storage needed to support a fully renewable grid—100 terawatt-hours—demands more affordable and scalable alternatives.

Looking forward, Fourth Power is building a 1 MWh prototype facility near Boston, slated for completion by 2025. This facility will test all components at full scale (1 GWh compatible) to de-risk the technology before scaling to commercial levels. The company’s next milestones include durability testing of the system's components, integrating a full one-megawatt-hour battery by 2025, and collaborating with utility partners on a 10-megawatt-hour pilot by 2026, all critical to demonstrating the technology’s reliability and preparing for larger deployments.

The discussion wouldn’t be complete without coverage of regulatory and market challenges in introducing new technologies to utilities, which have traditionally been cautious adopters. The increasing demand for power, driven by electrification and data centers, will push utilities to seek out innovative solutions that provide reliability, affordability, and clean energy.

[Recorded 4 June 2024]