Thor Hanson's "The Triumph of Seeds" explores the multifaceted story of seeds, highlighting their crucial role in both the natural and human worlds. The book posits that seeds are remarkably successful, dominating landscapes and ecosystems from rainforests to tundra. Hanson defines seeds functionally, including any "seed-like part" that encompasses the baby plant.

Seeds employ diverse strategies for survival. Dispersal is critical, with adaptations for travel via animals (endozoochory, like bats with almendro seeds), wind (Javan cucumber seeds inspiring the Stealth Bomber), and water (coconuts). Defense against predation is equally important, leading to physical defenses like hard shells and chemical defenses such as the pungency of chili peppers (capsaicin) and deadly poisons like ricin in castor beans. Dormancy allows seeds to endure unfavorable conditions, as exemplified by the 2,000-year-old date palm seed, Methuselah, that germinated. Seed banks play a vital role in conserving this endurance.

The evolution of seeds is a central theme, tracing the journey from spores to gymnosperms and finally to the diverse angiosperms, which now constitute the majority of plant life. The development of the carpel in angiosperms offered new avenues for defense and dispersal.

Seeds have profoundly shaped human history and culture. Grains like wheat have been the staff of life, supporting civilizations and driving trade. Spices, originating from seeds and fruits, fueled exploration and commerce. The stimulant caffeine, found in coffee seeds, has influenced social habits and even economic development. Conversely, seed poisons have been used for nefarious purposes. Even the seemingly simple act of sowing a seed, as depicted in "The Carrot Seed", reflects humanity's deep connection with these vital entities. Ultimately, the book reveals seeds as marvels worthy of study and appreciation.