In this conversation, Kim Zayhowski discusses the distinctions between sex and gender, emphasizing that sex is biological while gender is a social construct. She explores the complexities of chromosomes, the fluidity of gender identity, and the implications of societal norms on individual expression. The discussion also touches on the weaponization of scientific terminology in policy-making, the intersection of transphobia and misogyny, and the importance of recognizing diverse gender identities. Zayhowski advocates for active allyship and resistance against discriminatory policies, highlighting the importance of empathy and understanding in fostering a more inclusive society.   Key Takeaways: Sex and gender are not interchangeable terms. Biological sex is complex and not binary. Gender identity is shaped by culture and personal experience. Cisgender individuals have a gender identity that matches their assigned sex at birth. Scientific misconceptions can be weaponized in policy-making. Transphobia is often rooted in misogynistic beliefs. Healthcare policies must respect bodily autonomy for all individuals. Inclusive language is essential in healthcare discussions.   Kim Zayhowski is a genetic counselor, researcher, and assistant professor at Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine. She earned her Master’s in Human Genetics and Genetic Counseling from Stanford University School of Medicine. Her research focuses on the intersection of LGBTQIA+ care and genetics.   Please subscribe to this podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Amazon Music, YouTube or wherever you get your podcasts to stay updated on new episodes of All Access DNA. Listen to past episodes on your favorite podcast play by searching “All Access DNA” or by streaming from our website at allaccessdna.podbean.com   Here are more resources related to today’s topic: Episode 22 with Kaitlyn Brown- What are sex trait variations and how do we support intersex individuals? Tested podcast about sex testing in elite sports from NPR Book, Sex Itself by Sarah S Richardson Bridging the gap: Time to integrate sex and gender differences into research and clinical practice for improved health outcomes by Roberta Gualtierotti     Any inquiries on the podcast can be sent to AllAccessDNA@gmail.com Note that this podcast is for entertainment and education and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult your physician with any questions you may have regarding your health. The All Access DNA team includes: host, producer and editor Kate Wilson. The logo is designed by Designs by NKJ.