Can hormonal fluctuations across a single menstrual cycle alter arterial wave reflections and wasted pressure effort? In this episode, Associate Editor Dr. Jonathan Kirk (Loyola University Chicago) interviews author Dr. Ninette Shenouda (University of Delaware) and expert Dr. Sarah Baker (Mayo Clinic) about the latest study by Shenouda et al. investigating sex differences and ventricular arterial interactions. The authors wanted to understand how strategic phases of the menstrual cycle might affect the relationship between the left ventricle (LV) and the arterial system, as this relationship is crucial for maintaining adequate cardiac output and blood pressure. Given the established beneficial effects of estradiol on the vasculature, the authors hypothesized that their cohort of naturally menstruating premenopausal women would have favorable reductions in total peripheral resistance and favorable changes in the arterial wave reflection profile during the high hormone cycle phases, compared to age matched men. What were the unexpected findings? Listen now to find out.   Ninette Shenouda, Joseph M. Stock, Nicholas V. Chouramanis, Zoe R. Lincoln, Megan M. Wenner, Julio A. Chirinos, and David G. Edwards Favorable alterations in ventricular-arterial interactions across the menstrual cycle in healthy premenopausal women Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, published February 28, 2025. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00363.2024