When you hear 'space race' you probably (correctly) think about the 1960s Soviet Union v. U.S. race to put an astronaut on the Moon. But a few hundred years before, the space race was all about Venus. Twice every century or so we here on Earth get to see Venus pass in front of the Sun (with proper eye protection. Don't stare at the Sun, kids.) Back in the 18th and 19th centuries, this was a Big Deal. At the time, all astronomers wanted to be part of the effort to use the transit of Venus to figure out the distance between the Earth and the Sun. And to claim that astronomical victory for their respective empire. In Part One we're talking about the astronomical breakthroughs that made scientists and adventurers flock to the 1761 transit.  Thanks to our guests in this episode:  Ted Rafferty, formerly of the United States Naval Observatory Dr. Samantha Thompson, Astronomy Curator-National Air and Space Museum Find the transcript here. Sign up here for the monthly AirSpace newsletter AirSpace is created by the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum with generous support from Lockheed Martin.