Summary In this conversation, Doniyor Ulmasov, Head of Engineering at PaperCut, discusses the process of making videos globally accessible through AI dubbing and localization. He explains the differences between captions, subtitles, and dubs, and how dubbing involves adapting the source content to the target audience. Doniyor also shares insights into the multi-step process of dubbing, including transcription, translation, and text-to-speech models. He highlights the importance of human validation in maintaining quality and discusses the challenges of expanding beyond English. The conversation concludes with a discussion on the cost-effectiveness of dubbing and the potential for PaperCut to become a global dubbing solution.   Takeaways Video accessibility involves making videos globally accessible in multiple languages. Dubbing is the process of adapting the source content to the target audience. The dubbing process includes transcription, translation, and text-to-speech models. Human validation is crucial for maintaining quality in dubbing.Expanding beyond English poses challenges in accuracy and pipeline management. Dubbing can be a cost-effective solution compared to traditional dubbing houses. PaperCut aspires to become a global dubbing solution for video accessibility. Sound Bites   "A video is globally accessible when it can reach as many people as possible and as many languages as possible." "If you do a literal translation, you're going to lose the joke, right? That's why it's called adaptation, not translation." "Once we achieve the translation layer, then we move to the text-to-speech model."   Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Background 01:19 Caption, Subtitle, and Dubbing Differences 03:05 Text-to-Speech and Voice Assignment 05:03 Serverless GPU Options for Cost Optimization 08:18 Recommended Open Source Models 10:37 Challenges in Expanding Beyond English 11:06 Human Validation in Maintaining Quality 12:04 The Cost-Effectiveness of Dubbing 12:57 PaperCut's Aspiration as a Global Dubbing Solution