A Practical Approach to Understanding Real-World Study Methodology in Cancer Research: A Vodcast This vodcast intends to be a practical guide for clinicians by clarifying aspects of real-world study methodology. As both practicing oncologists and researchers with extensive real-world data experience, the hosts Dr Adam Brufsky and Dr Winson Cheung discuss types of study designs and real-world data source considerations. An overview of statistical techniques for mitigating treatment-selection bias is also provided, including propensity score matching, inverse probability of treatment weighting, and multivariable analysis. By combining high-quality data sources, careful sample size considerations, and rigorous statistical techniques, real-world studies can offer valuable insights into therapeutic effectiveness in routine clinical practice that supplement learnings from randomized clinical trials. This vodcast is designed to equip clinicians with the knowledge to critically evaluate real-world evidence and potentially apply it to their practice. This podcast is published open access in Oncology and Therapy and is fully citeable. You can access the original published podcast article through the Oncology and Therapy website and by using this address :https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40487-025-00366-y This podcast forms the second module in a series of 3 alongside 2 others in the journal. "Real-World Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials: A Podcast Discussion of the Relative Strengths and Limitations of These Complementary Designs for Cancer Research" https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40487-025-00368-w and "[From Non-believer to Believer: A Podcast Conversation on the Journey from Skeptic to Proponent of Oncology Real-World Evidence](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40487-025-00367-x)" All conflicts of interest can be found online. This podcast is intended for medical professionals. Open Access This podcast is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The material in this podcast is included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.