Today's episode reveals a metabolite naturally produced during exercise that may slow aging and restore immune function—even without working out. We explore why a promising Alzheimer's drug removes plaques but fails to repair the brain's waste system, and uncover how anxiety might be controlled by dueling immune cells rather than neurons. Plus, Antarctica's fastest ice collapse on record, the biological ceiling that limits human endurance, and Neanderthal footprints that challenge everything we thought about their coastal lives. From revolutionary microscopes to pain relief breakthroughs, these discoveries are reshaping medicine and our understanding of human limits.

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